Anorectal diseases: Mainly affect as Piles, Fissure, Fistula & Prolapse of ractum

Anorectal diseases encompass a range of conditions (commonly known as Piles) that affect the anorectal junction, which includes the anal region and the rectum. Common anorectal disorders include haemorrhoids, anal fissures, anorectal abscesses, and fistulas. These conditions can cause symptoms such as pain, bleeding, and swelling around the anus and rectum. While they are often painful, they are also quite common.

Piles:

“Piles” is another term for haemorrhoids. They are swollen veins in the lower anus and rectum. Piles can be internal or external.

Internal piles within the rectum are usually not visible during an external examination. They are graded on a four-point scale:

External piles form small lumps on the outside edge of the anus. They are very itchy and can become painful if a blood clot develops because the clot can block blood flow. Thrombosed external piles, or haemorrhoids that have clotted, require immediate medical treatment.

Symptoms of piles include painful lumps in and around the anus, itching and discomfort around the anus, discomfort during and after passing stools, and bloody stools. However, many people with piles may not experience any symptoms.

Piles result from increased pressure in the lower rectum. The blood vessels around the anus and the rectum will stretch under pressure and may swell or bulge, forming piles. This may be due to chronic constipation, chronic diarrhoea, lifting heavy weights, or straining when passing a stool.

If you have persistent piles for more than one week of home treatment or if you experience consistent bleeding from your rectum, you should seek medical assistance.

Anal Fissure: Cause and symptoms

An anal fissure is a small tear in the thin, moist tissue that lines the anus. Common causes of an anal fissure include constipation and straining or passing hard or large stools during a bowel movement. Anal fissures typically cause pain and bleeding with bowel movements. You also may experience spasms in the ring of muscle at the end of your anus, called the anal sphincter. Most anal fissures get better with simple treatments, such as increased fibre intake or soaking in a warm-water bath. Some people with anal fissures may need medicine or, occasionally, surgery.

The word “fissure” can have different meanings depending on the context. Here are some possible definitions of “fissure”.

A narrow opening or crack of considerable length and depth usually occurs from some breaking or parting.

A small tear in the thin, moist tissue that lines the anus, which can cause pain and bleeding during bowel movements.

A long, narrow crack opening along the surface of Earth, ice sheets, glaciers, or volcanoes.

Fistula:

A fistula is an abnormal connection between two body parts, such as an organ or blood vessel and another structure. Fistulas are usually the result of an injury or surgery, but they can also result from infection or inflammation. In the context of anorectal disorders, a fistula-in-ano is a channel that forms between the anal canal and the skin near the anus. It’s often the result of an abscess that has burst or been drained and can cause discomfort, pain, and discharge.

The primary goal is to close the fistula tract without damaging the anal sphincters

Rectal Prolapse:

Rectal prolapse occurs when part of the rectum slips outside the anus may bleed or may not be. It is often associated with ageing, childbirth, Chronic constipation or diarrhoea, and other factors. If you suspect rectal prolapse then it is important to consult with a professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Grade I: The growth does not cause symptoms and does not protrude out of the anus.

Grade II: The piles may prolapse from the anus but return inside independently.

Grade III: The piles prolapse and only recede within the anus with manual intervention.

Grade IV: The piles prolapse outside of the anus and a person cannot push them back inside.